农药以及如何在室内安全地使用它们

勤奋地清洁房屋并不能保证您永远不会在某个时候与家用害虫一起磨合。可能有超过100个错误在任何给定时间都住在他们的家中。这些害虫中的一些可能会对您的健康产生有害影响,而另一些害虫可能对您的财产造成持久损害。

为了打击有害害虫,我们经常采取预防措施,例如保持清洁的环境。

农药以及如何在室内安全地使用它们
不幸的是,通过自然方法预防并不总是产生预期的结果。这就是为什么至少75%的家庭在美国,每年至少使用一种室内农药产品。

Suppose three-quarters of households in the U.S. indeed will use at least one type of indoor pesticide. In that case, it seems prudent that reliable information is available to help consumers use pesticides safely indoors. We have created this article to focus on pesticides and basic safety when using substances that kill indoor pests.

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How Bad is the Indoor Pest Problem?

这re may not be consensus in the scientific community about how many pests live in your home, but there seems to be agreement that they are many. A study involving a team of entomologists (scientists who study insects) from North Carolina State University searched through 50 American homes. The study concluded that between32 and 211一组生物生物生活在普通房屋中。

虽然居住在普通房屋中的32至211个群体中的某些生物可能不会造成任何伤害,因为人类已经与它们一起生活了几个世纪,但有些可能是危险的。这就是为什么你需要知道您需要什么害虫以及如何安全地摆脱它们。

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是什么吸引了害虫进入家中?

根据由University Of Tennessee Institute Of Agriculture, “Pests are attracted by light, warm air, moisture, and food.” The article continues to note that, “Odors from a dead bird, rodent, dead insects or nest in a wall, soured mop or spilled materials, can also be attractive.” Once in the home, the pests find dark spaces that they can crawl into and hide.

infested bread with bugs

田纳西大学农业学院的文章(上面提到)表明,某些环境比其他环境更能吸引害虫。因此,处理害虫的主要方法之一是确保首先不邀请它们到您的家中。

Health Threats Caused by Pests

我们真的需要担心室内害虫吗?显然是的。如果啮齿动物这样的害虫在室内繁殖,可能会对人类有害。例如,苍蝇被认为是害虫,因为它们具有传播疾病并在您家中对人们的健康造成重大风险的能力。

中心疾病控制和预防(CDC)说,由害虫造成的健康威胁可能是直接和间接的。这意味着,即使没有与害虫直接接触,我们也可以通过与tick虫(Ticks)接触的其他承运人(如tick)捕获与害虫相关的疾病。

直接传播的疾病主要是由病毒携带的,当您呼吸被啮齿动物粪便或尿液污染的灰尘时,可以进入身体,直接与啮齿动物接触,吃被啮齿动物尿液污染的食物或与感染者接触。

To get an example of the dangers of pests in the home, let’s look at some of the dangerous diseases identified by the CDC that they can cause. The diseases listed below can be severe, resulting in damage to internal organs like the liver, kidneys, and lungs:

  • Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome:可能会从类似流感的疾病升级为难以呼吸的疾病。
  • Salmonellosis:Is characterized by pain and cramps in the abdomen, diarrhea, and fever.
  • Lassa Fever:可能导致头痛,肌肉疼痛,发烧和呕吐。
  • Plague:可能导致胸痛,咳嗽和呼吸急促。
  • 大鼠发烧(RBF):Results in headaches, vomiting, back and joint pain, and fever. It can be potentially fatal if not treated.
皮肤上有很多苍蝇 - 宏观射击


有关啮齿动物和其他害虫传播的其他几种疾病,无论是直接还是间接的,请参见CDC提供的列表here

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室内害虫控制

由于害虫的危险,必须从您的家中消除害虫。这只能通过主动害虫控制来实现。虽然预防措施是控制害虫的最佳形式,但它们是不够的。例如,您可能会搬进已经出没的新房子,或者有人可能会将害虫从其他地方带入您的家中。在这种情况下,纠正害虫控制机制成为唯一的选择。

以下是我们可以控制或消除房屋中的害虫的一些方式。

使用真空吸尘器

真空吸尘器是从周围环境中清除死亡和生存害虫的有效方法。将膝盖高的袜子放在真空管的末端,以捕捉害虫并避免侵扰真空。

Vacuuming is suitable for use in sensitive areas like schools and healthcare facilities. It can also be used to complement other pest control methods.

Use of Traps

Traps exist in different types, including snap traps, catch traps, and live traps. They can catch vertebrate pests near walls because rodents often move around using wall edges to navigate their way.

Glue boards and fly light traps are other types of traps used to control pests and rodents. However, these may not eliminate all the pests in the home, especially the extremely tiny ones. Also, traps may not work if you want to protect your home from pests if you are away for an extended period.


Use of Pesticides

农药可以消除虫害,tick虫,tick虫,蝇,跳蚤和虱子,例如疾病和携带疾病的载体(疾病的传播者)。农药可以以不同的形式出现,具体取决于您要针对的害虫类型。

What Makes Something a Pesticide?

According to theUnited States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)是法律定义的一种农药,是旨在预防或破坏害虫的物质的任何组合。同一家机构说:“产品的目的对于确定特定产品是否是农药很重要。”意图信号包括“在标签和广告,构图,使用,使用和行动方式上的索赔。”

选择农药

尽管如此,农药并非没有对人类健康的影响。但是,您可以采取措施,以确保您选择的任何农药都可以有效地消除您所追求的特定害虫,同时对健康构成最少的威胁。

选择农药时:

  • 选择为您要消除的害虫问题设计的农药。
  • 仔细阅读标签,以熟悉所有安全预防措施,以了解您是否会安全地使用特定的农药。
  • Always go for the pesticide with the lowest toxicity level, as long as it can eliminate the target pests.
  • 评估您的害虫问题的严重程度,并使用该信息来确定您需要多少农药;购买农药时,尽量不要超过所需的限制。
  • Get a product that is already mixed instead of the one you'll need to mix yourself.
  • 切勿选择用于室内使用的室外农药。

Safety Tips When Using Pesticides Indoors

当使用杀虫剂室内,以下是the safety tips you must follow to ensure that your use of pesticides does not harm you and those around you.

Read Labels

始终仔细阅读标签。标签包含您需要的所有有关农药组成,如何使用它以及如何安全处置的信息。

世界卫生组织(WHO)提供了有关农药产品标签中应包含的内容的规格。这包括有关应摄入农药的说明以及在申请期间要采取的措施。

安全存放

农药需要安全存储。这是为了避免像孩子接触他们一样的不幸,农药容器被损坏,导致泄漏,并确保农药对于将来的使用仍然可行。储存农药的一些最佳实践包括以下内容。

  • Do not put pesticides in empty food or drink containers. Doing this can lead to someone unwittingly ingesting its contents. Also, food and drink containers are not designed to hold pesticides. They may not be effective in keeping pesticides safe and viable for future use.
  • Do not put pesticides in other pesticides' containers. Leave them in their original containers where other users can access the accurate labels.
  • Pesticides should be locked away in storage, where children and other unauthorized persons cannot access them.

混合

如果您必须将农药与水或其他物质混合:

  • 仅混合您每个时间所需的数量。
  • 不要在室内混合农药。
  • Wear gloves and a mask when mixing pesticides.

喷涂

在室内喷洒农药时,要采取的基本预防措施包括:

  • 在房屋中喷入孔,裂缝和缝隙,因为这些区域最有可能躲藏起来。
  • 戴着手套的保护工作服。眼睛,鼻子和嘴还应覆盖。

处理

  • 检查您的农药标签,以了解农药及其容器的规定处置方法。
  • 与社区中的地方当局联系,以确定是否有收集危险家庭废物的住宿。
  • Insecticide suspension no longer needed can be disposed of safely by pouring it into a latrine or a special-purpose hole dug in the ground.
  • Never dispose of pesticides in any water bodies or places where pesticide residues can find their way into water bodies.
  • Do not dispose of pesticides in or around your house. Try to have ahundred-meter gapbetween your house and the disposal point, which can be a hole in the ground or a pit.

知道中毒的迹象

您可能会采取所有预防措施,但仍可能发生事故。最可能的事故是中毒。据世卫组织称,在确认一个人已经接触农药之后poisoning can be identified using the following indicators

  • 普遍的疲倦
  • 皮肤刺激,大量出汗和燃烧的感觉
  • Itching, burning, or watering eyes, blurry vision, and dilated or constricted pupils.
  • 腹泻、呕吐、恶心和pain in the abdomen
  • Muscle twitches, headaches, impaired speech, dizziness, and unconsciousness
  • Wheezing, breathing difficulty, chest pain, and cough.

如果最近有人暴露于农药,表现出这些症状中的任何一种,那么急救是第一个度假胜地,直到医疗专业人员可以进行进一步治疗。检查容器以获取有关农药中毒时应采取的措施的说明。

其他农药指南

对其他农药感到好奇?查看我们的其他详细指南,以帮助您解决害虫问题。

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